Penal Reform Themes
Alternatives cover a range of sanctions aiming to restore the relationship between offender, victim, and the wider community.
Despite a global trend towards abolition of the death penalty, a large number of executions are still being carried out.
Poor prison conditions may increase or cause mental health problems and the spread of infectious diseases.
Today, there are more than one million children in detention worldwide, most of whom have committed only minor offences.
As many countries move toward the abolition of the death penalty, trends indicate an increase in life sentences.
Overuse of pre-trial detention is a major cause of prison overcrowding, in some countries making up the majority of detainees.
One of the most challenging and persistent problems faced by criminal justice systems worldwide.
Although a number of states fail to live up to their legal obligations, the prohibition of torture in international law remains clear and absolute.
Processes used by a society to confront a legacy of abuses caused by past conflict, oppressive rule or state failure.
Rates of female imprisonment are growing significantly. Women prisoners have particular and distinct needs.